Introduction

Listen: Introduction to Housing Affordability Myths
Hear the author’s overview of the key housing affordability myths that affect Millennials and Gen Z — in your car, on the go, or as you read.
If the player doesn’t load, open the audio in a new tab.

Millennials and Gen Z are often heard discussing one or more of the 11 topics covered in this article. More often than not, that “knowledge” comes from friends, social media, headlines, or viral posts rather than from primary sources or real-world experience. This is how myths begin—and how they spread. This article will debunk 11 housing affordability myths.

Many myths passed around online have little consequence. These do not. The 11 myths examined here have serious real-world implications for the people who believe them and for others who hear them repeated often enough to begin questioning sound advice from professionals with actual knowledge and experience.

Left unchallenged, these narratives shape decisions about careers, debt, housing, and long-term financial security.

RetireCoast is not about creating, promoting, or recycling myths. We have taken a deep dive into each of these 11 topics to present the unvarnished truth—supported by data, historical context, and clearly identified sources.

Every one of the myths discussed here is negative in nature, and together they have contributed to the discouragement and pessimism many millennials express about homeownership and financial progress.

Our goal is simple: to replace frustration with clarity. By shining light on these misconceptions, we believe millennials and Gen Z who read this article will walk away better informed, more confident, and far more optimistic about their ability to buy a home and build a stable financial future.

Millennials: Use the Calculators Built for You
We’ve built calculators specifically for Millennials to use alongside this article and others across RetireCoast. While we maintain a full Calculators Hub, we wanted to create something more focused—tools that reflect your unique challenges, including affordability, student debt, credit, and first-time home buying.
Click below, visit the Calculators Hub, and select the Millennials button to explore tools designed to help you plan, compare, and make confident decisions.
The 11 Housing Affordability Myths—At a Glance
Before diving into the full explanations below, here are the most common housing and financial myths shaping how millennials and Gen Z view homeownership, affordability, and the economy—each one widely shared, rarely questioned, and often misunderstood.
  1. Big corporations are buying up all the homes — The belief that Wall Street firms dominate single-family housing and are locking regular buyers out of the market.
  2. Mortgage rates are historically unaffordable — The assumption that today’s rates are extreme and make buying financially reckless compared to waiting.
  3. CEO pay is driving housing costs — The idea that executive compensation is a major cause of high home prices and stagnant wages.
  4. Corporations don’t pay enough taxes — The belief that raising corporate taxes would reduce prices and inequality without affecting consumers.
  5. You must have 20% down to buy a home — The outdated assumption that homeownership is impossible without a large down payment.
  6. Immigration is the main cause of housing shortages — The claim that undocumented or large-scale immigration is primarily responsible for unaffordable housing.
  7. Millennials and Gen Z are permanently priced out — The narrative that younger generations will never be able to own homes regardless of planning or effort.
  8. There is no affordable housing left anywhere — The belief that affordable homes no longer exist in the U.S. housing market.
  9. Student debt means you’ll never recover financially — The assumption that student loans permanently prevent wealth-building and homeownership.
  10. Renting is always throwing money away — The idea that renting is inherently foolish and buying is always financially superior.
  11. The system is completely rigged — The belief that the economy is so stacked against regular people that individual choices no longer matter.
Each myth is expanded below with data, context, audio explanations, and planning tools—so you can replace viral narratives with informed decisions.
Table of Contents
RetireCoast author portrait graphic
Become a Myth Buster
Author Callout
When you hear any one of the myths described in this article, ask the person spreading the myth what their source of information was. Did they verify that information with reputable sources other than social influencers? If the answer is less than credible, tell them to do some research. Rumors and myths are too easy to spread. Become a Myth Buster and call out suspect information.

Exploding the Myths of Housing Affordability

There are 11 myths.

Author Audio: Myth #1
Prefer listening? Hear the author explain this myth in under 4 minutes.

Myth #1: Big Corporations Like BlackRock Are “Buying Up All the Homes”

This is one of the most viral housing affordability myths among millennials and Gen Z, often fueled by confusing headlines, social media memes, and mix-ups between companies. Let’s break it down clearly. If you want more background on how RetireCoast organizes millennial resources, start here: https://retirecoast.com/millennial-hub/.

BlackRock does not buy or own individual single-family homes. The world’s largest asset manager has repeatedly stated this—it invests primarily in mortgage securities, multifamily developments, and financing for new construction.

Claims to the contrary usually stem from confusion with Blackstone (a separate firm that helped pioneer single-family rentals after the 2008 crisis) or from BlackRock holding small minority stakes (typically 6–7%) in publicly traded rental companies like American Homes 4 Rent.

Some institutional investors do purchase single-family homes, but

Yes, some large institutional investors do purchase single-family homes to rent out. Firms like Invitation Homes, Progress Residential, and American Homes 4 Rent each own tens of thousands of properties. However, this trend has lost considerable momentum in recent years. Rising home prices, higher interest rates, and tighter inventory have eroded profitability on scattered-site purchases.

Many institutions have pivoted to build-to-rent communities (purpose-built rental neighborhoods) or become net sellers. Recent 2025 data shows institutional buyers (firms with 1,000+ homes) accounting for less than 2% of total purchases nationally.

RetireCoast Context: Institutional Ownership by the Numbers
For scale: the United States has approximately 85–86 million single-family homes.
Of the estimated 15–18 million single-family rental homes, large institutional investors own roughly 450,000–600,000 properties — representing just 3–4% of the total rental stock.
Ownership concentration can be higher in select Sun Belt markets (such as Atlanta), but remains negligible at the national level.

Many younger buyers also point to small investors—often their own parents’ or grandparents’ generation buying one or two rental properties—as “taking homes off the market.” This does happen, and small “mom-and-pop” investors own the vast majority (~85–90%) of all investor-held properties.

Their overall share of the total housing inventory remains extremely small, and they provide a vital service: rental demand far exceeds new multifamily apartment construction, which has lagged for decades.

Bar chart comparing total U.S. single-family rental homes (15–18 million) to institutionally owned rentals (about 450,000–600,000), showing that large investors control only about 3–4 percent of the rental market.

Institutional Ownership of Single-Family Rentals (15–18 Million Total Units)

Another common belief is that investors routinely outbid first-time buyers by overpaying. In reality, professional investors (large or small) must buy at or below market value to generate profitable rental yields—they can’t consistently overpay and stay in business.

What does give them an occasional edge is all-cash offers, which sellers often prefer for speed and certainty (no financing or appraisal contingencies). Sellers may accept a slightly lower cash bid over a higher financed offer from a first-time buyer to avoid risk. This happens, but it’s far from universal—most sellers prioritize the highest reliable price.

It may seem like there’s a nationwide housing shortage, but there is no single U.S. housing market—there are hundreds of distinct local markets. The severe crunch is concentrated in congested, high-demand metro areas (coastal California, New York, Boston, Seattle, Denver, etc.). Smaller cities, midsize metros, and rural areas have often escaped the worst shortages and maintain healthier inventory levels.

Supply and Demand

Prices are driven by classic supply and demand: millions of millennials and Gen Z prefer the amenities, jobs, and culture of large urban centers, intensifying competition where supply is artificially restricted by zoning and slow building.

The roots of this corporate-buying myth? A few high-profile stories from the pandemic buying frenzy, combined with genuine frustration over low starter-home inventory. In truth, the crisis is overwhelmingly about too few homes built over too many years, not a Wall Street takeover.

Recognizing this shifts focus to practical steps: exploring underrated markets, building career income, or advocating for more construction where you want to live. That’s why this myth matters: it’s one of the most repeated housing affordability myths and it misdirects your energy away from real solutions and real choices.

Author Audio: Myth #2
A quick breakdown of why rates feel high — and what the data really shows.

Myth #2: Today’s Mortgage Rates Are Sky-High and Historically Unaffordable

Many millennials and Gen Z buyers view current mortgage rates as painfully elevated—often calling them “unaffordable” or a major barrier to homeownership. This perception stems from entering the housing market during (or just after) the ultra-low rate era of the late 2010s and early 2020s, when rates dipped below 3%.

But the reality is quite different: today’s rates are actually below the long-term historical average and represent a return to normalcy. This myth remains one of the most repeated housing affordability myths in modern homebuying discussions.

As of late December 2025, the average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage stands at 6.18% (per Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey for the week ending December 24). Freddie Mac has tracked these rates since 1971, and the overall average from April 1971 through late 2025 is approximately 7.7–7.8%.

Line chart showing average U.S. 30-year fixed mortgage interest rates from 1971 to 2024 using Freddie Mac PMMS data, with rates peaking above 18 percent in 1981 and falling below 3 percent during the pandemic before returning to normal levels.

Average U.S. 30-year fixed mortgage interest rates from 1971 through 2024 based on Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey (PMMS), illustrating the 1981 peak, the pandemic-era low, and today’s return to historically normal levels.

Rates have reached extreme highs in the past: the all-time peak hit 18.63% in October 1981 amid double-digit inflation and aggressive Federal Reserve tightening. The lowest point was 2.65% in January 2021, driven by pandemic-era stimulus and economic uncertainty.

The sub-3% rates many younger buyers remember were an aberration—a once-in-a-generation low fueled by unique circumstances (global pandemic, massive Fed intervention) unlikely to repeat anytime soon. Similarly, the 18% highs were a product of 1980s economic turmoil.

Today’s ~6.2% level is not only below the historical norm but aligns closely with rates from the 1990s and 2000s, periods of strong housing market growth.

RetireCoast Insight: Waiting for Sub-4% Rates May Backfire
Many buyers are sitting on the sidelines, hoping for mortgage rates to plunge back into the sub-4% range (or even lower). However, major forecasts for 2026–2027 show little evidence that this will happen.
Most economists — including projections from Fannie Mae, the Mortgage Bankers Association, and Wells Fargo — expect average 30-year mortgage rates to remain in the low- to mid-6% range through 2026, with only gradual easing to approximately 5.9%–6.4% by 2027.

The extraordinary conditions that drove rates under 3% (near-zero Fed policy, economic shutdown) no longer exist, and persistent factors like moderate inflation and steady growth suggest rates will remain elevated compared to the 2020–2021 anomaly.

Waiting solely for a big rate drop could backfire. If home prices continue rising in your market (as they have in many areas due to ongoing supply shortages), even a modest rate decline might not offset the higher purchase price—leaving you with similar or larger monthly payments. For example, a 0.5–1% rate drop on a more expensive home often fails to “catch up” to the appreciation.

Locking in now or soon

There are valid reasons to delay buying (e.g., building savings, career moves, or waiting for more inventory). But interest rates alone shouldn’t be one of them—they’re already at historically reasonable levels. Locking in now (or soon) allows you to build equity, and you can always refinance later if rates do fall meaningfully.

Understanding this context helps shift focus to actionable steps, like improving credit, exploring affordable markets, or leveraging low-down-payment options. If you want tools that turn this into real math, use: /calculators-hub/. Clearing up housing affordability myths means replacing fear with numbers.

Author Audio: Myth #3
The truth about CEO pay and what actually impacts housing costs.

Myth #3: CEO Pay and Corporate Greed Are Driving Up Housing Costs and Stagnant Wages

Let’s start with a clear acknowledgment: skyrocketing CEO compensation has little to nothing to do with housing shortages, home prices, or the broader affordability crisis.

Housing costs are overwhelmingly driven by structural issues like chronic underbuilding, zoning restrictions, and supply-demand imbalances in high-demand areas—not executive pay packages. Again, this is why it belongs in a list of housing affordability myths—it distracts from the real drivers of affordability.

That said, the dramatic rise in CEO pay (often including massive stock awards and bonuses) has far outpaced typical worker wages, creating a tremendous disparity that many find unacceptable and unfair.

CEO-to-worker pay ratios at S&P 500 companies reached 285:1 in 2024 (per AFL-CIO data), up from 20–30:1 in the 1960s–1970s. This gap fuels legitimate frustration, especially when entry-level and hourly wages feel stagnant while executives earn tens of millions.

Line chart showing CEO-to-worker pay ratios at S&P 500 companies rising from about 20-to-1 in the late 1960s to approximately 285-to-1 in 2024.

CEO-to-Worker Pay Ratios Have Grown Dramatically Since the 1960s

Source note (optional line under caption): AFL-CIO executive compensation studies; values shown reflect representative historical averages.

Solving this disparity ideally comes through better corporate governance, not heavy government interference in private commerce. Most Americans indirectly own shares in these large companies through 401(k)s, pension plans, mutual funds, and retirement savings—meaning aggressive caps or taxes on executive pay could reduce shareholder returns (including for everyday workers and retirees).

More energy should focus on closing the gap between line managers and the top executives: stronger shareholder “say-on-pay” votes, tying more compensation to long-term performance and worker wage growth, and boards prioritizing equitable incentives.

RETIRECOAST REALITY CHECK
To illustrate the limited direct economic impact, consider this extreme hypothetical: If every S&P 500 CEO took a 100% pay cut (zero compensation for one year), the savings redistributed evenly across all U.S. private-sector workers would add only $70–$75 per worker annually—about $1.35 per week.
  • 2024 average S&P 500 CEO compensation: ~$18.9 million (AFL-CIO)
  • Total for ~500 CEOs: ~$9.45 billion
  • U.S. private-sector wages: ~$11.7 trillion annually (BLS 2024)
  • Private-sector workers supported: ~130–135 million
Even eliminating executive pay entirely would not meaningfully raise wages or lower housing costs. Structural supply issues—not executive compensation—drive affordability challenges.

This tiny bump wouldn’t meaningfully raise wages, lower inflation, or make housing more affordable.

To bring it home with a relatable example: Imagine the CEO and top executive team of a large national hamburger restaurant chain (think a major fast-food player) suddenly agreed to work for free. All their multi-million-dollar compensation was redirected solely to lowering menu prices.

Even then, the savings passed through to customers would be negligible—a typical hamburger (averaging $14–$15 at restaurants in late 2025) might drop by just a few cents (far less than the 5–10 cents sometimes imagined). Labor, ingredients, rent, and operations dominate costs; executive pay is a drop in the bucket.

The wealth concentration at the top can feel upsetting and look terrible optically—signaling misaligned priorities in a tough economy. But it’s not a major drain sucking money from workers’ pockets or inflating everyday costs like housing or food.

Addressing it through better board oversight and incentives could improve fairness and perceptions without broad economic disruption. Separating real causes from housing affordability myths is exactly what helps people make better decisions.

Author Audio: Myth #4
What corporate taxes really mean for prices and consumers.

Myth #4: Big Corporations Aren’t Paying Enough in Taxes (and Higher Corporate Taxes Would Solve Inequality Without Hurting Regular People)

Add this new one: Big corporations are not paying enough in taxes. This is a big myth and one that is usually part of a political parties message to their constituents. This belongs on the list of housing affordability myths because it gets repeated as if it would magically lower costs without affecting consumers.

It’s important to understand what a corporation is. A corporation earns its income from selling goods and services to the public and government. That hamburger just discussed at $14-$15 is priced based upon the corporation’s goals for profitability to return to shareholders enough value to justify their trust.

Pricing for that hamburger is a complex task because so many things must go into the decision such as ingredients, cost of rents, transportation, salaries, benefits and many more.

Infographic illustrating how corporate tax increases are passed through to consumers, showing a sequence from government tax hikes to higher business costs and ultimately higher prices paid by households for goods and services.

How Corporate Tax Increases Ultimately Raise Prices for Consumers

When that hamburger corporation is taxed at say 10% more, where will they find the money to pay the taxes? You got it, from you. They will reprice the hamburger to earn the extra 10%. The best way to look at corporations is that they pass through all costs to the end buyer of their goods and services. The more they have to pay for anything, the higher the cost to the consumer.

When governments tax corporations, they are effectively taxing you. The difference is that you do not see that tax called out directly in your purchase receipt. Charging corporations higher taxes is a way to hide the real motivation and that is to tax the public without the public being directly aware.

Most of the public does not how economics work

It’s possible that the majority of the public is unaware of how the economics work with taxation and big business. Now you know and can help dispel this myth. This is a major reason housing affordability myths persist—people don’t see how costs pass through.

This myth is a staple in political messaging across party lines: “Make big corporations pay their fair share!” It resonates because corporate profits seem massive while many workers struggle.

But the reality of how corporate taxation works often gets overlooked—and it’s crucial for millennials and Gen Z to understand the economics behind it. For additional millennial-focused financial education and related articles, see: https://retirecoast.com/millennial-financial-hub-2026/.

First, remember what a corporation fundamentally is: a legal entity that sells goods and services to customers (you, me, businesses, and government) with the goal of generating profit for its shareholders. Most Americans are indirect shareholders through 401(k)s, pensions, mutual funds, and retirement accounts.

RETIRECOAST REALITY CHECK
Take the hamburger example from earlier—a fast-casual or restaurant burger averaging $14–$15 in late 2025. Pricing that burger is incredibly complex. The company must cover far more than just “profits.”
  • Ingredients: beef, buns, produce (prices fluctuate)
  • Labor: wages, benefits, training
  • Rent & utilities: restaurant locations
  • Transportation & supply chain
  • Marketing, insurance, equipment
  • And yes—taxes
Every added cost—taxes included—must be recovered through pricing. Corporations don’t absorb costs; they pass them through to the consumer.

The final price is set to achieve a target profit margin that keeps shareholders invested and the business growing.

Now, suppose policymakers raise the corporate tax rate by 10 percentage points (or impose a new “windfall” tax). Where does the corporation get the money to pay that extra tax?

They pass it on—almost entirely—to consumers, suppliers, or workers. Corporations are not charitable entities; they are pass-through mechanisms for costs. Economic studies consistently show that when corporate taxes increase:


A significant portion (often 50–70% or more) ends up in higher prices for goods and services.
The rest may come from slightly lower wages, reduced hiring, or smaller shareholder returns (which again hits retirement accounts).

In the hamburger example: If the chain faces a meaningful corporate tax hike, they don’t just “eat” the cost—they recalibrate pricing upward. That $15 burger might become $15.50 or $16 over time as the increased tax burden flows through the system. You pay it at the register, but it’s not labeled as a “tax”—it’s hidden in the menu price.

RETIRECOAST ECONOMIC REALITY
This is why economists across the spectrum often say: Taxing corporations is effectively taxing people—just indirectly. Corporations pass costs through the system rather than absorbing them.
  • Customers: higher prices for goods and services
  • Employees: potentially slower wage growth or fewer benefits
  • Shareholders: lower returns, affecting pensions and 401(k)s
Corporate taxes don’t disappear—they move through the economy and show up in everyday costs.

Politicians favor corporate taxes precisely because they’re less visible than direct income or sales tax hikes. A sales tax increase shows up clearly on your receipt; a corporate tax hike gets buried in everyday costs like food, streaming services, phones, and clothing.

Corporations should pay taxes, but how much?

This doesn’t mean corporations should pay zero taxes or that loopholes shouldn’t be closed. Fair enforcement of existing rules and eliminating unjustified subsidies make sense. But the idea that we can dramatically raise corporate taxes to fund programs without it costing regular consumers and workers is a myth. The money has to come from somewhere—and it almost always comes from you.

Now you know the mechanics. Higher corporate taxes aren’t a free lunch or a magic way to stick it to “greedy companies” without consequences. Real solutions to inequality and funding public needs require transparent discussions about who actually bears the cost—often everyday people like us. Dispelling this myth empowers better decisions, whether voting, investing, or planning your own finances.

Author Audio: Myth #5
Why you don’t actually need 20% down to buy a home.

Myth #5: You Need 20% Down to Buy a House—Otherwise, It’s Impossible

You need 20% down to buy a house: This is a prevalent myth from years ago when it was almost true. Every lender has its own terms. Lender A may permit a 10% down payment, lender B may permit a 5% down payment.

Then there are smaller individual lenders and people who will finance the house they are selling to you. This is one of the most damaging housing affordability myths because it keeps people waiting years when they could qualify now.

Over the years, loans have more often been guaranteed by the federal government through two agencies Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. These quasi-government agencies buy loans from the originator; that company you worked with sells their loan to one of these agencies. As a result, there are HUD (Housing and Urban Development) programs that require only 3.5% down.

nfographic comparing mortgage loan down payment requirements, showing VA and USDA loans with 0% down, FHA loans with 3.5% down, private lenders requiring 5–20% down, and conventional loans typically requiring 20% down.

Government-Backed Mortgage Loans Often Require Little or No Down Payment

The VA has a zero-down for veterans and other agencies have zero-down with many local programs offering down payment assistance. There is absolutely no reason why you should be waiting for a 20% down payment if you can qualify for one of the government backed loans.

Of course the more you put down the lower the interest rate and the lower the monthly payment. The critical part here is having great credit for the best loan rate regardless of what program you want. If you want the “why” behind credit scoring and approvals, read: https://retirecoast.com/mystery-behind-credit-scores-mortgages/.

Debt-to-Income (DTI): The Gatekeeper Most Buyers Overlook
Many buyers focus on saving a down payment, but lenders care even more about your debt-to-income ratio (DTI)—the percentage of your monthly income already committed to debt payments.
Credit cards, car loans, student loans, and personal debt all count. If too much of your income is already spoken for, lenders may deny your application or offer worse terms— even if you have cash saved.
Translation: Paying down high-interest debt often improves your buying power faster than saving more cash. Lower DTI = higher approval odds, better rates, and more loan options.

The debt-to-income ratio is one of the biggest obstacles, far greater than finding a lender with less than 20% down payment requirements. You need to pay off credit cards and pay down loans for vehicles also—other debt—so that the lender believes that you have sufficient free income to make mortgage payments on time. It’s time to clear up this myth now. Tools help replace housing affordability myths with facts: /calculators-hub/.

FHA loans (insured by HUD—U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development): Require just 3.5% down for buyers with credit scores as low as 580 (or 500–579 with 10% down).


VA loans (for eligible veterans, active-duty service members, and certain survivors): 0% down, no private mortgage insurance (PMI), and competitive rates.


USDA loans (for rural and some suburban areas): 0% down for income-eligible buyers.
Conventional loans with 3% down: Available through Fannie Mae (HomeReady) or Freddie Mac (Home Possible) for first-time or lower-income buyers.


On top of that, hundreds of state and local down-payment assistance programs offer grants, forgivable loans, or matching funds—sometimes covering the entire down payment and closing costs for qualifying buyers.

Author Audio: Myth #7
Millennials and Gen Z are buying homes — here’s how.

Myth #6: Immigration (Especially Undocumented) Is the Main Reason Housing Is Unaffordable

This myth as with others tends to overstate the issue. Of course if there is a large number of people moving into a big metro area, they need to live somewhere and will add competition to housing. This can push up prices and create a worse shortage.

But it is not the only problem with housing affordability, it is certainly one but one among many. This is one of those housing affordability myths that can distract people from real planning.

Why this comes up is that many if not most illegal immigrants tend to concentrate in large cities where they can “blend in”. It’s common for several to live in a single house or apartment sharing living costs. This is one reason why they can “bid up” or pay more for an apartment or house.

RETIRECOAST DATA POINT
Mainstream estimates place the undocumented immigrant population at approximately 13–14 million as of mid-2025.
  • Pew Research Center: Record ~14 million in 2023, with modest changes since
  • Migration Policy Institute: ~13.7–14 million from mid-2023 through early 2025
These figures provide important context when discussing immigration’s role in housing demand.

Massive immigration in a short period of time surrounding COVID is also an anomaly but it happened and has been added to all of the other issues which include a shortage of new construction. The issues with new construction will be discussed in another section.

Why this comes up is that many if not most illegal immigrants tend to concentrate in large cities where they can “blend in”. It’s common for several to live in a single house or apartment sharing living costs. This is one reason why they can “bid up” or pay more for an apartment or house.

Massive immigration in a sort period of time surrounding COVID is also an anomaly but it happened and has been added to al of the other issues which include a shortage of new construction

Stop listening to myths, get the facts

It’s important that Millennials not listen to myths such as the illegal immigrants are entirely responsible for the housing problem. And just as important that this and other fallacies are not spread around. The housing shortage has existed for a very long time and is directly attributed to poor government planning, zoning issues, cost of materials, high interest rates brought on by too much government borrowing and more.

If you are considering changing markets as part of your solution, this is a key planning article: https://retirecoast.com/selecting-where-to-relocate/. The only way to beat housing affordability myths is to look at your options and run the numbers.

Author Audio: Myth #7
Millennials and Gen Z are buying homes — here’s how.

Myth #7: Millennials and Gen Z Are Priced Out of Housing Forever

Millennials and Gen Z are priced out of housing: This is a pervasive myth which has no foundation. Social media spreads this myth and it gets picked up without any serious consideration for the facts. It’s one of the most repeated housing affordability myths and it creates a depressing mindset that prevents action.

Millennials are buying houses today faster than any other group. This is a fact meaning that in the markets where they are buying, they are finding homes and can afford the house they are buying. True, more could buy if the supply in tight markets were better but the evidence is that Millennials are on track to outperform other generations in home ownership already.

Some with student debt can buy a house

And, some have student loan debt yet are still able to buy a home. How did they do it? Planning, saving, great credit and jobs that generate sufficient income to be approved for a mortgage. Even more than these items is determination to succeed.

Some obtain loans from their parents. Others stop buying what they don’t need and save that 3.5% to qualify for a government backed loan. Join in dispelling this myth—look at the stats. For related millennial resources and ongoing content, visit: https://retirecoast.com/millennial-financial-hub-2026/ and https://retirecoast.com/millennial-hub/. When you move from doom-scrolling to planning, housing affordability myths lose their power.

Gen Z and Millennial Homeownership Rates Flatlined in 2024 As ...
Home Buyers and Sellers Generational Trends

Comparisons to previous generations reveal delays, not denial:

  • Millennials reached key milestones later (e.g., homeownership at age 30 was ~33% for millennials vs. ~42–48% for Gen X/boomers at the same age).
  • But as they enter mid-career (late 30s–40s), rates rise sharply—older millennials have closed much of the gap with Gen X at similar ages.

Gen Z (up to age 28) is earlier in the process, with rates ~26% for adult members, but many are tracking ahead of millennials/Gen X at comparable young ages in some metrics.

How are so many succeeding despite obstacles like student debt?

  • Strategic planning: Building strong credit, paying down high-interest debt (credit cards, auto loans) to improve DTI ratios.
  • Career growth: Incomes rise with experience—many qualify after 5–10 years in their field.
  • Family help: Gifts or loans from parents for down payments (common for 25–30% of younger buyers).
  • Lifestyle choices: Cutting non-essentials to save for low-down-payment programs (e.g., 3.5% FHA).
  • Flexibility: Relocating to affordable markets or buying modest starter homes.
  • Above all, determination: Those who prioritize ownership find paths—using government-backed loans, assistance programs, or waiting for the right timing.

The evidence is clear: millennials are on track to achieve (and in some cases outperform) prior generations’ eventual ownership levels as life stages align. More supply in tight markets would help even more, but the stats refute the “forever priced out” narrative.

Join in dispelling this myth—share the real data. Challenges exist, but homeownership remains achievable with focus and realistic steps.

Resources for this myth

Author Audio: Myth #8
Affordable housing does exist — here’s where.

Myth #8: There’s No Affordable Housing Left Anywhere

There is no affordable housing left. Yet another famous myth without foundation. We just discussed how Millennials are buying homes at a brisk pace. This means there are affordable homes “out there”. This is one of the housing affordability myths that survives because people confuse “expensive where I want to live” with “expensive everywhere.”

Remember that there are two sides to a transaction: income and price. You may not be able to afford a home now but as your income increases over time—and it will—you begin to overcome the not having enough money part of the equation.

Side-by-side infographic comparing the housing myth that there is no affordable housing left anywhere with the reality that affordable homes still exist in many U.S. cities, including examples such as Jacksonville, Wichita, and Dayton.

Myth vs. Fact: Affordable Housing Still Exists in Many U.S. Markets

Now price: you can try to buy where you live now or move to a more affordable area. A typical home in Southern California sells for about $750,000. A typical home on the Mississippi Gulf Coast and in many other states can sell for as low on average as $225,000.

There are many job markets which are growing now with new factories and plants actually under construction. A number of them are in small cities, even rural areas where not only is the cost of a home low but overall costs are less.

The point is there are choices and Millennials should not discount any of them without investigation. For example, housing in Los Angeles was once very unaffordable and in short supply.

People moved out to Orange County where it was much more affordable and there was supply; jobs moved out there along with amenities. When Orange County became unaffordable, people moved out to Riverside County and repeated the process.

There are lots of options. If you decide to stay where you are in a highly congested and expensive area, then affordable housing is not the issue. If relocation is on the table, use this guide: https://retirecoast.com/selecting-where-to-relocate/. Real planning is how you escape housing affordability myths.

Author Audio: Myth #9
Student debt is temporary — here’s why you can recover.

Myth #9: Student Debt Means You’ll Never Recover Financially

Many millennials were pushed and coerced into going the college route. With almost no guidance, Millennials selected majors without considering the ROI approach. The result is that after graduation those great high paying jobs did not materialize. Broken promises from everywhere. This is one of the housing affordability myths that becomes a life story for people who stop thinking in “next steps.”

This is particularly bad if you were pushed into going to college and are not earning what you expected. To add insult to injury you may be carrying a large debt load from college. Not only are you still living with your parents because your job at the local mall does not pay a living wage but that debt is a heavy burden.

To make matters worse, your parents probably signed for the debt and they are trying to save for retirement. This is also connected to generational financial realities and the Great Wealth Transfer: https://retirecoast.com/great-wealth-transfer-baby-boomers/.

There is good news. You will not always owe that debt. Over time your income will increase but not by accident. If you take charge of your career, it may be time to move on to one that pays more.

Many millennials are moving to the trades where phenomenal salaries exist. For example as a welder building ships with an average income of $80,000-$120,000 and more if you are an underwater welder. Some become plumbers and after a few years own their own businesses. The best part: these jobs are basically AI-proof.

To get out of that student debt, you need to earn more to pay it off sooner. It’s being done every day by people your own age. If you want calculators and planning tools that support this, start here: /calculators-hub/. Taking action beats housing affordability myths every time.

Infographic showing that the college wage premium remains strong over a career, with bachelor’s degree holders earning $1.2–2.8 million more over a lifetime than high school graduates, higher early-career and mid-career earnings, and positive net present value even after student loan debt.

The College Wage Premium Remains Strong Over a Career

The college wage premium remains strong and grows substantially over a career. Recent data (2024–2025):

  • Bachelor’s degree holders earn a median lifetime premium of $1.2–2.8 million more than high school graduates (adjusted figures from sources like Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce, APLU, and Federal Reserve analyses).
  • Early-career premium: ~27–40% higher earnings.
  • Mid-to-peak career: ~60–80% higher.
  • Even after debt, the net present value of a bachelor’s is positive (~$180,000–260,000 for women/men).

Average debt levels (late 2025 estimates):

  • Millennials: ~$33,000–42,000 per borrower.
  • Gen Z: ~$14,000–23,000 (lower since many are recent grads).

Incomes don’t stay stagnant—they rise with experience, switches, or pivots. Many millennials and Gen Z are accelerating recovery by entering skilled trades, where demand is high, training is shorter/cheaper, and jobs are largely AI-resistant.

Examples:

  • Shipbuilding welders (e.g., Gulf Coast): ~$46,000–$76,000 annually (higher in demand areas like Mississippi/Pascagoula).
  • Plumbers: National average ~$63,000; experienced/master or business owners often $80,000–$100,000+.
  • Underwater welders: $55,000–$100,000+ (specialized, high-risk premium).

Trends show growing shifts: Gen Z and younger millennials increasingly choose trades for stability, with reports of 40–55% considering them (up significantly in recent years).

Success stories happen daily through:

  • Proactive career moves (certifications, apprenticeships).
  • Aggressive debt payoff with higher earnings.
  • Determination: Cutting extras, side hustles, or relocating for better opportunities.

You’re not stuck forever—many your age are paying off debt faster, buying homes, and building wealth by taking charge.

Resources for this myth

  • Student Loan Repayment CalculatorFederal Student Aid Simulator – Explore plans and forgiveness.
  • YouTube explainer: “How I Paid Off $XXK in Student Loans” – Search channels like Graham 
Author Audio: Myth #10
Renting isn’t always “throwing money away” — here’s the nuance.

Myth #10: Renting Is Always “Throwing Money Away”

A myth also with some truth. Most myths start with a small measure of truth so here is the truth part. Buying a home does build wealth. People who at the time of retirement own homes will usually do better in retirement. But this is also one of those housing affordability myths that becomes harmful when applied to everyone the same way.

Yes, you will earn equity in two ways: paying off the mortgage and the value increase through inflation and other market conditions. These are facts.

The big “but” is that owning is not for everyone. Single people often do not have the time or want to keep up with a house or even a condo. They want the flexibility to move when they want—even if it’s across the street.

Millennial couple standing on a lawn looking at a suburban house with a “For Rent” sign, illustrating the challenge of renting versus buying a home in today’s housing market.

Renting vs. Buying: A Common Reality for Many Millennials

Renting requires a deposit but not a big down payment or even 3.5% to get in. Some want to live in an apartment in an inner city where housing is not only not affordable but very expensive when they can get a roommate for an apartment.

Some people who buy houses do not take care of them and the value decreases. These people should not own a house; they do not want to maintain it or even in some cases know how to.

For these individuals there is no consideration about throwing money away. The bottom line is that if owning a house is for you then it can be a great investment and be financially better than renting, but it’s not for everyone. If you want to run rent vs buy scenarios and affordability numbers, use: /calculators-hub/. Replacing housing affordability myths with real math is the point of doing this work.

Author Audio: Myth #11
The “rigged system” myth explained and debunked.

Myth #11: The System Is Completely Rigged—You Have No Real Chance

The system is completely rigged. The United States embraces the free market concept allowing people to set prices and buyers to choose to buy or not. If government does not intervene aside from safety considerations, the system has worked well since 1776. This myth is one of the most poisonous housing affordability myths because it convinces people they have no agency.

There have been attempts to rig various parts of the economy over the last few hundred years but they always fail in the end. This is one of the worst myths because this myth basically tells you that you have no say in the matter and that you make no real decisions.

The chart below shows that Millennials are improving their credit scores

 key historical table for credit scores

The best way to overcome this myth is to create your own plan for everything from finances to family to property. Put yourself in charge, learn the system. If you want to anchor your plan inside a broader set of millennial resources, start here: https://retirecoast.com/millennial-financial-hub-2026/ and https://retirecoast.com/millennial-hub/.

For example, there is a system to buy a house. That system involves a credit check. You can beat the system if you avoid long term debts, pay your obligations on time every time and a few other details. Mastering this system means you will qualify to buy a house.

It’s called using the system to your advantage. The system at work requires you to show up at 8:00. If you want a deep dive into how credit scoring really works in mortgages, read: https://retirecoast.com/mystery-behind-credit-scores-mortgages/. People who learn the rules stop believing housing affordability myths and start building results.

What is the real problem with housing? Not the myth

What Is the Real Problem with Housing?
Not the myth. The 11 items above are being dispelled, so now let’s tackle what the experts consider the core causes for the current housing crisis. There are many reasons. It’s a complex subject—too complex to throw into a single myth.
Historical and Generational Patterns
Generations often follow similar trajectories: young adults flock to cities for jobs, culture, and amenities. But as they enter their 30s and 40s—forming families, having children, and seeking stability—they increasingly move to suburbs or lower-cost areas for larger homes, better schools, and financial breathing room. This played out with baby boomers and Gen X, and recent data shows millennials are already following suit.
  • Early millennials (now in their late 30s to mid-40s) led a “back-to-the-city” movement in the 2000s–2010s, revitalizing urban cores.
  • By the 2020s, many have suburbanized, driven by high urban costs, remote/hybrid work, and life changes like marriage/kids.
  • Harvard’s Joint Center for Housing Studies (2024 analysis) found early millennials gained most in peripheral suburban areas between 2011–2021, often due to lack of affordable family-sized urban housing—mirroring Gen X and late boomers.
Current Trends Supporting the Shift (2024–2025 Data)
  • Migration patterns — Millennials are moving to affordable metros in the South/Midwest (e.g., Jacksonville FL, Baltimore, Wichita) with lower home prices (~$180k–$300k vs. national ~$400k+). High-cost coastal cities see outflows.
  • Willingness to compromise — Surveys show increasing acceptance of smaller/older homes or relocation; only ~38% of millennial buyers are open to moving for affordability (vs. 41% Gen Z), but this rises with age/family needs.
  • Homeownership catch-up — Millennial rates lag prior generations at younger ages (e.g., ~51–55% overall in 2025, vs. higher for boomers/Gen X at the same age), but climb steadily into mid-career as incomes grow and priorities shift toward equity-building.
Life Stage Influences Driving Change
  • Family formation → More millennials are marrying/having kids later; drivers include desire for space, pets, and good schools—pushing toward suburbs (e.g., family-friendly communities with outdoor access).
  • Affordability pressure → Perpetual high rents/prices in preferred cities make staying unsustainable; many realize long-term wealth comes from ownership in reachable markets.
  • Remote work persistence → Reduces ties to expensive job hubs, enabling moves to places like the Gulf Coast or inland South without career sacrifice.
Primary Structural Drivers (The Core of the Crisis)
These are the issues that repeatedly show up in expert analysis, and they’re the reasons housing affordability remains challenging in many markets:
Chronic Housing Underbuilding
The U.S. has underproduced new homes by an estimated 4–7 million units since the 2008 recession. Zoning restrictions, NIMBYism, high land/labor/material costs, and lengthy permitting processes severely limit supply in high-demand areas.
Zoning and Land-Use Restrictions
Single-family zoning dominates in many suburbs and cities, blocking denser, more affordable options like duplexes, townhomes, or mid-rise apartments. This artificially constrains supply near jobs and amenities.
High Construction Costs
Labor shortages, rising material prices (lumber, concrete), and regulatory compliance have driven new-build costs up ~50–100% in many markets since 2010.
Demographic Demand Surge
Millennials and older Gen Z entering prime household-formation years (late 20s to early 40s) created a massive wave of demand that existing supply couldn’t absorb.
RetireCoast author commentary
Author Perspective: Zoning and Quality of Life
Regarding zoning, as the section above illuminates, many consider zoning a problem when it comes to adding more homes to already congested areas. This is where I disagree.
People who moved to planned communities for a single-family home—with their yard, streets, and well-kept properties— do not want others building apartments in garages or backyards, adding cars, congestion, and strain to neighborhoods. When families made that considerable investment, they wanted exactly what they bought. If they wanted inner-city density, they would have made that choice.
Yet today, many push to abolish zoning rules altogether. The answer is not jamming more people into fixed spaces. The primary solution is moving large job centers to smaller cities and rural areas—places where people can afford to buy homes and enjoy a better quality of life.
We don’t need more Silicon Valleys. We need smaller ones.

Take the Housing Myths Quiz

Take the Housing Myths Quiz (10 Questions)
Instant feedback + your score + next-step links.
OPEN
Answered: 0 / 10
Score: 0 / 10

Conclusion: Break Free from the Myths and Build Your Future

You’ve now seen the truth behind the 11 most persistent financial myths that hold millennials and Gen Z back—from corporate home-buying conspiracies to the idea that the entire system is rigged against you. These stories feel compelling because they tap into real frustrations: high prices, student debt, wage gaps, and a world that sometimes seems unfair.

But myths thrive on oversimplification, and clinging to them keeps you stuck—blaming invisible villains while overlooking the practical steps that thousands in your generation are already taking to succeed.

Image showing the word “MYTH” carved in stone being smashed by a sledgehammer with a red “BUSTED” stamp, symbolizing the process of debunking false beliefs with facts and evidence.

Busting Housing Myths with Facts, Not Fear

The facts are empowering: rates are normal, low-down-payment programs exist, affordable homes are available in hundreds of markets, incomes grow with experience, and the system—flawed but stable—rewards those who learn its rules and take consistent action.

Homeownership rates are rising for millennials, debt is being paid off faster than ever, and wealth is being built every day by people who refuse to accept defeatist narratives.

You are not powerless. You have choices—where to live, what to study or train for, how to manage debt and credit, when to buy or rent, and how to invest your time and money. The path to financial independence isn’t handed out; it’s built through informed decisions, flexibility, and determination.

RetireCoast author
Author Note: Help Us Build the Millennial Hub
Take a minute and visit our Millennial Hub. Articles and calculators are still in development, so check back as we continue building tools and content designed specifically for Millennials.
Most importantly—leave comments on this page. We genuinely want to know what you need, what questions you’re struggling with, and which myths or challenges you want us to tackle next.
This hub is being built with you, not just for you.

Call to Action: Take Control Today

Pick one myth that resonates most with you and run the numbers using the calculators linked in this article (mortgage qualifier, rent-vs-buy, cost-of-living comparison, student loan simulator). Start here: /calculators-hub/.

Build or update your plan—set a 6-month goal for credit improvement, debt payoff, or savings toward a down payment.

Explore a new market—spend 30 minutes researching one affordable area with growing jobs (like the Gulf Coast, Carolinas, or Midwest hubs). Use: https://retirecoast.com/selecting-where-to-relocate/.

Share this article—send it to a friend who’s stuck in the same myths. Breaking the cycle starts with better information.

Subscribe or follow for more no-nonsense guidance on navigating housing, debt, careers, and wealth-building in 2026 and beyond. For more Millennial-focused resources, visit:
https://retirecoast.com/millennial-financial-hub-2026/
https://retirecoast.com/millennial-hub/

Want more references? Try these to confirm what has been presented above:

Reputable Sources Used (and Recommended for Further Research)
If you hear a claim that sounds “too certain,” verify it with primary sources like the organizations below—not social media summaries.
Pro tip: When someone shares a claim, ask for the original source (not a screenshot). If they can’t provide it, treat it as unverified.

FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions about Housing Affordability

FAQ: Housing Affordability Myths (15 Questions)
Tap a question to expand the answer. These FAQs summarize the key ideas from the 11 myths above.
1) Does BlackRock own single-family homes?
BlackRock is primarily an asset manager that invests in financial products like mortgage securities and funds. The “BlackRock owns all the homes” claim usually comes from confusion with other firms or from small minority stakes in public companies—not direct ownership of neighborhood houses.
2) Are institutional buyers still “buying everything” in 2025?
Large institutions buy some single-family homes, but in most markets they represent a small slice of total purchases. Profitability has been pressured by higher prices and rates, leading many firms to slow purchases, shift to build-to-rent, or sell in certain areas.
3) Why do mortgage rates feel “high” even when they’re normal?
Many Millennials and Gen Z came of age during the sub-3% era, which was historically unusual. When rates move back toward long-run norms (often cited above 7% historically), the comparison makes today’s rates feel extreme—even when they’re closer to typical decades.
4) Should I wait for rates to drop below 4% before buying?
Waiting for a specific “magic” rate can backfire if home prices keep rising in your market. For many buyers, it’s smarter to buy when your budget, credit, and stability are ready—and refinance later if rates fall meaningfully.
5) Is CEO pay a major cause of housing prices or affordability?
CEO pay can be unfair and frustrating, but it doesn’t drive housing supply shortages or national home prices. Housing affordability is mostly shaped by supply constraints, construction costs, zoning, and local demand.
6) If corporate taxes go up, who really pays?
Corporations typically pass costs through the system over time—via prices, wages, or investor returns. That means higher corporate taxes often show up indirectly in what consumers pay, what workers earn, or what retirement accounts return.
7) Do I really need 20% down to buy a home?
No. Many buyers use 3%–5% down conventional programs, FHA (often 3.5%), VA (0% for eligible veterans), USDA (0% in eligible areas), and local down-payment assistance. Credit and debt-to-income ratio are often bigger hurdles than the down payment.
8) What matters most to qualify for a mortgage?
Lenders focus on your credit profile, stable income, and your debt-to-income ratio (DTI). Paying bills on time, lowering credit card balances, and reducing monthly debt obligations can improve both approval odds and interest rate offers.
9) Is immigration the main cause of housing unaffordability?
Immigration can add demand in specific metro areas, especially rentals, but it’s only one factor among many. Long-term underbuilding, zoning limits, costs, and local supply constraints are core drivers that existed long before recent surges.
10) Are Millennials and Gen Z actually buying homes today?
Yes—many are buying in the markets they can afford, often using low-down-payment programs, improving credit, increasing income, and sometimes getting family help. Social media narratives can miss the quieter reality of steady household formation and purchases.
11) Is there truly “no affordable housing left anywhere”?
Affordable housing still exists, but it’s unevenly distributed. Some metros are extremely constrained, while many small cities and midsize markets remain far more attainable—especially when paired with growing job opportunities and a lower cost of living.
12) Does student debt automatically prevent homeownership?
Not automatically. Student debt affects your DTI, but many borrowers still qualify by improving income, reducing other debts, and building strong credit. Budgeting, career moves, and repayment strategies can turn debt into a manageable line item.
13) Is renting always “throwing money away”?
No. Renting can be the better choice for flexibility, short time horizons, and lower responsibility. Buying can build wealth long-term for those who want stability and are ready for maintenance and ownership costs—run the numbers for your situation.
14) What is one practical first step to “beat the system”?
Master your credit and cash flow: pay every bill on time, keep credit utilization low, and reduce monthly debt. Those habits directly improve mortgage eligibility and lower your borrowing costs over time.
15) What should I do next after reading this article?
Pick the myth that hit closest to home, then take one action: check your credit, run a mortgage qualifier, compare rent vs. buy, research an affordable relocation market, or map a 6-month savings goal. Momentum beats doom-scrolling.


Discover more from RetireCoast.com

Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.